1. An extensive discussion of various aspects of security other than military can be found in Joseph J. Romm,Defining National Security—The Nonmilitary Aspects, (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1993).
2. A valuable account of the situation in the USSR at the beginning of the Gorbachev era is Seweryn Bialer,The Soviet Paradox-External Expansion, Internal Decline, (New York: Vintage Books, 1986). Ken Jowitt provides innovative ideas concerning the decline of Leninism in a series of essays entitledNew World Disorder: The Leninist Extinction, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992).
3. Among the general surveys dealing with Asian security worthy of attention are the following: Chong-Sik Lee, ed.In Search of a New Order in East Asia, (Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, 1991); Sheldon W. Simon, ed.East Asian Security in the Post-Cold War Era, (Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1993); Ralph A. Cossa,The New Pacific Security Environment: Challenges and Opportunities, Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1993; and Richard J. Ellings and Edward A. Olsen, “A New Pacific Profile,”Foreign Policy, No. 89, Winter 1992–1993, pp. 116–40.
4. I sought to outline key issues confronting China, North Korea and Vietnam inThe Last Leninists—The Uncertain Future of Asia's Communist States, Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1992.
5. See the interesting article by Chong-Pin Lin, “The Extramilitary Roles of the People's Liberation Army in Modernization: Limits of Professionalism,”Security Studies, Vol. 1, No. 4, Summer 1992, pp. 659–89.