1. Institute of Cold Regions Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
2. Inner Mongolia Research Institute of Transportation Science Development, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
3. Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Management, Control and Cycle Repair Technology for Traffic Network Facilities in Ecological Security Barrier Area Ministry of Transport, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
4. Observation and Research Base of Transport Industry of Highway Long-term Performance in Permafrost Research of Northeast China, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
5. The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
6. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA