1. School of Hospitality Management, Macao University of Tourism, Macao, China
2. School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, College of Hospitality, Retail and Sport Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
3. School of Tourism Management, Macao University of Tourism, Macao, China
4. Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
5. Division of Business and Hospitality Management, College of Professional and Continuing Education, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China