Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Octoxynol-1, Octoxynol-3, Octoxynol-5, Octoxynol- 6, Octoxynol-7, Octoxynol-8, Octoxynol-9, Octoxynol-10, Octoxynol-11, Octoxynol-12, Octoxynol-13, Octoxynol-16, Octoxynol-20, Octoxynol-25, Octoxynol-30, Octoxynol-33, Octoxynol-40, Octoxynol-70, Octoxynol-9 Carboxylic Acid, Octoxynol-20 Carboxylic Acid, Potassium Octoxynol-12 Phosphate, Sodium Octoxynol-2 Ethane Sulfonate, Sodium Octoxynol-2 Sulfate, Sodium Octoxynol-6 Sulfate, and Sodium Octoxynol-9 Sulfate1
-
Published:2004-01
Issue:1_suppl
Volume:23
Page:59-111
-
ISSN:1091-5818
-
Container-title:International Journal of Toxicology
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:Int J Toxicol
Abstract
Octoxynols are ethoxylated alkylphenols in which the size of the molecule is related to the number of moles of ethylene oxide used in synthesis. Reactions are performed at elevated temperature, under pressure, and in the presence of NaOH. It is possible that the synthesis may leave trace amounts of ethylene oxide, 1,4-dioxane, and unreacted C9 phenols. Octoxynols of various chain lengths as well as octoxynol salts and organic acids function in cosmetics either as surfactants—emulsifying agents, surfactants—cleansing agents, surfactant—solubilizing agents, or surfactants—hydrotropes in a wide variety of cosmetic products at concentrations ranging from 0.0008% to 25%, with most less than 5.0%. The octoxynols are chemically similar to nonoxynols, the safety of which were previously considered. Long-chain nonoxynols (9 and above) were considered safe as used, whereas short-chain nonoxynols (8 and below) were considered safe as used in rinse-off products and safe at concentrations less than 5% in leave-on formulations.
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Reference184 articles.
1. Teratology study of intravaginally administered nonoxynol-9-containing contraceptive cream in rats
2. Triton X-100 induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cell lines
3. AMA Laboratories, Inc. 1996. 100 human subject repeat insult patch test. Skin irritation/sensitization evaluation. Unpublished data submitted by CTFA (13 pages).
4. Andersen, F. A. ed, 1999. Amended final report on the safety assessment of nonoxynol-1,2,3,4,5,6,7, and -8. Int. J. Toxicol. 18, 11-31.
5. An-eX Analytical Services, Ltd. 1995a. Submission of unpublished data by Clairol Inc. and Rhone-Poulenc Inc. CIR submission on Nonoxynol-2 and Nonoxynol-4. Effect of nonoxynols on the in vitro human skin permeation of water. Report no: C05/8/94. pp. 28-41.
Cited by
8 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献