1. IOpedia (www.IOpedia.eu), Seville, Spain; and Institute of Public Policy and Administration, Graduate School of Development, University of Central Asia, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic.
2. Faculty of Economics and Business & Faculty of Spatial Sciences (emeritus), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
3. Department of Economics, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain.