1. Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
2. Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Gastrointestinal Tumor, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
3. Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
4. Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
5. Department of Anorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
6. Department of Anorectal Surgery, Feicheng People’s Hospital, Taian 271600, Shandong, China