1. Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, “Canada/United States of America Accord on Our Shared Border” (Ottawa, 1996),http://www.defait-maeci.gc.ca/english/geo/usa/border-e.htm(accessed July 18, 2005).
2. Daniel Drache,Borders Matter: Homeland Security and the Search for North America(Halifax: Fern-wood Publishing, 2004).
3. See Fraser Institute, “The Fraser Institute's Annual Survey of Canadian Exporters: Growing Concerns About Protectionist Sentiment in the United States” (The Fraser Institute, 2004),http://fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?s=pb&id=712(accessed February 20, 2008); Ontario Chamber of Commerce, “Cost of Border Delays to Ontario” (Ontario Chamber of Commerce, 2004),http://www.occ.on.ca/members/2committe/borders/related_documents/CostsofBorderDelays.pdf(accessed February 20, 2008); and Alan D. MacPherson, James E. McConnell, Annelise Vance, and Vida Vanchan, “The Impact of U.S. Antiterrorism Policies on Canada-U.S. Cross Border Commerce: An Exploratory Study from Western New York and Southern Ontario,”The Professional Geographer58 (August 2006): 266–277.
4. See Ontario Chamber of Commerce, “Cost of Border Delays to Ontario,” and MacPherson, McConnell, Vance, and Vanchan, “The Impact of U.S. Antiterrorism Policies on Canada-U.S. Cross Border Commerce,” note 3. Also see Ontario Chamber of Commerce, “Border Policies 2007–2008 (Ontario Chamber of Commerce, 2007),http://occ.on.ca/Policy/Reports/330(accessedFebruary 20, 2008).
5. As this discussion shows, there aretwoBlaine WA-Douglas BC crossings. We will use the terms Pacific Highway (truck crossing) and Peach Arch (passenger vehicle crossing) to distinguish between them.