1. W. Dirk Raat, “Innovative Ways to Look at New World Historical Geography,”The History Teacher37, no. 3 (2004): 297–299.
2. Ibid., p. 286.
3. Joel Garreau,Nine Nations of North America(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981), p. 2.
4. John C. Hudson,Across This Land A Regional Geography of the United States and Canada(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002); C. L. Higham and Robert Thacker,One West, Two Myths: A Comparative Reader(Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 2004); Michael Adams,Fire and Ice: The United States Canada, and the Myth of Converging Values(Toronto: Penguin Canada, 2003).
5. Since the late 1970s, many works have grappled with partitioning the United States (only) into similar units, and have produced as many as 274 distinct subcultures. For examples, see Daniel J. Elazar,American Federalism, 3rded. (New York: Harper & Row, 1984), and Joel Liske, “Regional Subcultures of the United States,Journal of Politics55, no. 5 (1993): 888–913.