1. Northrop Frye,The Bush Garden: Essays on the Canadian Imagination(Toronto: Anansi, 1971), i –ii.
2. For a more in-depth discussion of two of these approaches—formal regionalism and functional regionalism—see R. Douglas Francis, “Regionalism and the Regions,” inCanada: Handbooks to the Modern World, ed. Mel Watkins (New York: Facts on File, 1993), 229–243. On the concept of regionalism in general, see Gerald Friesen, “The Prairie as Region: The Contemporary Meaning of an Old Idea,” inThe Constitutional Future of the Prairie and Atlantic Regions of Canada, ed. James N. McCrorie and Martha L. MacDonald (Regina: Canadian Plains Research Center, 1992), 1–17; Janine Brodie, “The Concept of Region in Canadian Politics,” inFederalism and Political Community: Essays in Honour of Donald Smiley, ed. David P. Shugarman and Reg Whitaker (Peterborough: Broadview Press, 1989), 33–53; and herThe Political Economy of Canadian Regionalism(Toronto: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1990), the Special Issue on “Regionalism/Le regionalisme” of theJournal of Canadian Studies15 (Summer 1980), especially William Westfall's “On the Concept of Region in Canadian History,” 3–15; William Westfall, ed.Perspectives on Regions and Regionalism in Canada(Ottawa: Association for Canadian Studies, 1983); Caroline Andrew, Will Straw and J.Yvon Thériault, eds.Canadian Identity: Region/Country/Nation(Montréal: Association for Canadian Studies, 1998); and L.D. McCann, ed.Heartland and Hinterland: A Geography of Canada(Scarborough: Prentice-Hall Canada Inc., 1982).
3. For a good discussion of regionalism from a Canadian literary perspective, see George Woodcock,The Meeting of Time and Space: Regionalism in Canadian Literature(Edmonton: NeWest Institute for Western Canadian Studies, 1981).
4. Henry Kreisel, “The Prairie: A State of Mind,” reprinted inContexts of Canadian Criticism, ed. Eli Mandel (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971), 257.
5. Laurence Ricou,Vertical Man/Horizontal World: Man and Landscape in Canadian Prairie Fiction(Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1973), 4.