1. This article is derived from a paper presented in January 2007 to a conference on “The Gray Lecture Sixty Years Later” at Bishop's University in Lennoxville, Quebec, which was organized by Professor William Hogg. The author would like to thank Professor Hogg and the participants in the conference—most notably, his fellow panelist Dr. Adam Chapnick—for valuable comments on that occasion, as well as the editors and readers forThe American Review of Canadian Studies, for their prompt and helpful consideration of this text.
2. Louis St. Laurent,The Foundations of Canadian Policy in World Affairs: Duncan & John Gray Memorial Lecture(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1947). Quotations from the speech are taken from this edition. As Adam Chapnick has noted, the more readily available texts, which were originally distributed by the Department of External Affairs (DEA) in its series “Statements and Speeches” and then reprinted (as in Robert A. MacKay,Canadian Foreign Policy 1945—1954: Selected Speeches and Documents[Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1970], pp. 388–399], omit remarks by others and the first part of the introduction by St. Laurent. Contrary to Chapnick's interpretation, however, I do not believe that this has led to a fundamental misunderstanding of the purpose of the lecture. From the initial invitation through to the final drafting, the speech was always intended to be about Canadian foreign policy, with a particular emphasis on the relationship between national unity and that subject. Canadian citizenship, as such, was never considered by Riddell, by his colleagues in DEA, or by St. Laurent's hosts at the University of Toronto as a theme of the lecture.
3. There are extensive press clippings on the principal government file devoted to the speech. Library and Archives Canada (LAC), Records of the Department of External Affairs (RG25), vol. 3895, file 9285–40. See also the discussion in Adam Chapnick, “The Gray Lecture and Canadian Citizenship in History,” in this issue ofAmerican Review of Canadian Studies.
4. John A. Munro and Alex I. Inglis, eds.Mike: The Memoirs of the Right Honourable Lester B. Pearson, vol. 2:1948–1957(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1973), pp. 24–31. George Ignatieff begins the chapter of his memoirs entitled “Golden Age of Canadian Diplomacy” with the announcement of King's retirement.The Making of a Peacemonger(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985), p. 107. Please note, however, the qualifying view about the extent of the transformation put forward by John Holmes (cited in note 43 below).
5. C. P. Stacey,Canada and the Age of Conflict, vol. 2:1921–1948, The Mackenzie King Era(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1981), pp. 376–377; Robert Bothwell,The Big Chill: Canada and the Cold War(Toronto: Irwin Publishing, 1998), pp. 20–23. The author of this article would include himself among those who use the Gray Lecture as a pedagogical tool for conveying an understanding of the early postwar years and Canada's sense of its place in the world at that time.