1. Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
2. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
3. Specialty Care, Inc., Brentwood, California, USA;
4. Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
5. Center for Neurotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
6. Department of Philosophy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
7. Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA