1. Spero, Sterling D. and Capozolla, John M. 1973.The Urban Community and its Unionized Bureaucracies: Pressure Politics in Local Government Labor Relations, 215New York: Dunellen.
2. For the purposes of this paper, a public employee “union” shall be construed as any employee organization which bargains, either formally or informally, on issues related to the wage and benefit levels of its members.