1. The Idea of Atlantic History
2. Howe, Daniel W. 1993. “‘American History in an Atlantic Context: An Inaugural Lecture delivered before the University of Oxford on 3 June 1993’”. Oxford
3. Free and Coerced Transatlantic Migrations: Some Comparisons
4. Curtin, Philip D. 1969.The Atlantic Slave Trade: A CensusxviMadison, Wisconsin
5. Thornton, John. 1992.Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–16801195–7. New York