1. The Ottoman response to the Egyptian crisis of 1881–82
2. H. Ünal , ‘Ottoman Foreign Policy During the Bosnian Annexation Crisis, 1908–1909’ (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Manchester , 1992 ).
3. E.D. Akarli , ‘The Problems of External Pressures, Power Struggles and Budgetary Deficits in Ottoman Politics under Abdülhamid II (1876–1909): Origins and Solutions’ (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Princeton , 1976 )
4. F.A.K. Yasamee ‘The Ottoman Empire and the European Great Powers, 1884–1887’ (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies , 1984 ).
5. Great Britain's relations with the young turks 1908–1914