1. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
2. Division of General Internal Medicine, Center for Research on Health Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
3. Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
4. Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center (BEDAC), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
5. Clinical Addiction Research and Education Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
6. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
7. Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA