1. Obstetric and Gynecologic Nursing Department, Health Science Faculty, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
2. Nursing Department, Health School, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
3. Medicalpark Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
4. School of Nursing, Koc University, İstanbul, Turkey
5. College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts, USA