1. Li, Tania. 1989.Malays in Singapore: Culture, Economy and Ideology, 108–109. New York, Singapore: Oxford University Press.
2. Rahim, Lily Zubaidah. 1994.The Singapore Dilemma: The Political and Educational Marginality of the Malay Community, 205–205. Department of Government and Public Administration, University of Sydney. unpublished PhD thesis
3. Rahim, Lily Zubaidah. 1994.The Singapore Dilemma: The Political and Educational Marginality of the Malay Community, 205–206. Department of Government and Public Administration, University of Sydney. unpublished PhD thesis
4. Rahim provides a good study of these factors in Rahim Lily ZubaidahThe Singapore Dilemma: The Political and Educational Marginality of the Malay CommunityDepartment of Government and Public Administration, University of Sydney 1994 198 227 unpublished PhD thesisChapter 8Tania Li also described various mechanisms of discrimination used by employers in Li,Malays in Singapore, pp. 109–11.
5. Rahim.The Singapore Dilemma203–203.