1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, California, USA
2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
3. Department of Fire Safety Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
4. Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
5. Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, Missoula, Montana, USA