1. Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
2. Department of Foreign Languages and Linguistics, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
3. Institute of Arab & Islamic Studies, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4ND, United Kingdom
4. Centre for Maritime Archaeology, Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ