1. School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
3. School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
4. School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
5. Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
6. Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
7. Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
8. Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
9. Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
10. Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
11. Canadian Spine Society, Canadian Spine Outcomes Research Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada