1. Department of Family Medicine, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
2. Chronic Pain Management Unit, Chedoke Hospital & Village of Erin Meadows, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
3. School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
4. Faculty of Nursing, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
5. Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
6. College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA