1. Ahmad, N. 1968.An Economic Geography of East Pakistan, 2nd ed., xvi–xvi. London: Oxford University Press. + 401
2. Bohart, G.E. and Gressitt, J.L. 1951.Filth-Inhabiting Flies of Guamvii–vii. Hawaii + 154, 17 pls. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bull. No. 204, Honolulu.
3. Faust, E.C. and Russel, P.F. 1964.Craig & Faust'sClinical Parasitology, 7th ed. (revised), 1099–1099. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. In
4. Filth Flies of Central Alaska1