1. Joseph Nye defined both hard and soft power politics. The first explained as a relation in which “… military and economic might often get others to change their position. Hard power can rest on inducements (‘carrots’) or threats (‘sticks’),” while soft power is understood as the ability in which: “A country may obtain the outcomes it wants in world politics because other countries—admiring its values, emulating its example, aspiring to its level of prosperity and openness—want to follow it. (…) In international politics, the resources that produce soft power arise in large part from the values an organization or country expresses in its culture, in the examples it sets by its internal practices and policies, and in the way it handles its relations with others.” See: Joseph S. Nye Jr.Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics(New York: PublicAffairs, 2004).
2. Carl Meacham, “What Does the Russian Food Import Ban Mean for Latin America?” Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Washington, DC, 2014, available at https://www.csis.org/analysis/what-does-russian-food-import-ban-mean-latin-america