1. Sturmey, S. G. 1975.Shipping Economics, Collected Papers, 96London: Macmillan.
2. Ibid. p. 101.
3. Ibid. p. 97.
4. Deakin, B. M., and Seward, T. (1973), Shipping Conference, Cambridge University Press. Ch. 7. Heaver, T. D. (1972), Inbound/outbound Freight Rate Contraversy, C.T.S. University of British Columbia.Shneerson, D. (1976), Structure of Liner Frieght Rates, Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 52–67.
5. Deakin, B. M., and Seward, T., op. city. p. 101.