1. Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS CERDI IRD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
2. Paris School of Economics, Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS CERDI IRD, Clermont-Ferrand, Paris
3. Research Center for Applied Economics and Management of Organisations Management (CREAMO), FaSeg, University of Lome, Lome, Togo