1. Keith B. Payne ,Missile Defense in the 21st Century: Protection Against Limited Threats Including Lessons from the Gulf War( Boulder : Westview , 1991 ), 146 .
2. On the psychological effects of missile attacks on civilian populations, see Irving Janis ,Air War and Emotional Stress: Psychological Studies of Bombing and Civilian Defense, R–212 ( Santa Monica : RAND , 1951 ), 137 , 249 ; Thomas McNaugher, “Ballistic Missiles and Chemical Weapons,”International Security15, no. 2 (Fall 1990): 5–34.