1. In Kaufman's words, “further progress toward a policy-relevant theory of alliances, … will require many more case studies which strive to devise a more rigorous linkage between variables drawn from all three levels of analysis: the system, domestic politics, and the perceptions of individual statesmen.” Elsewhere in his article, he also refers to the offense-defense balance, the outlook of key states, and the alliance bargaining process as potentially important factors. See Kaufman , “To Balance or Bandwagon,” 419 , 439, 421.
2. The Case for Finite Containment: Analyzing U.S. Grand Strategy
3. See Kaufman , “To Balance or To Bandwagon,” 420 , 439.
4. E.g., see Walt ,Origins of Alliances, 29 – 32 ; John J. Mearsheimer, “Back to the Future: Europe after the Cold War,”International Security15, no.1 (Summer 1990): 15–16; and Stephen Van Evera, “Primed for Peace: Europe after the Cold War,”International Security15, no.2 (Fall 1990): 36–37.