1. Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, George Washington School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
2. Departments of Anesthesiology & Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
3. Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
4. Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA