1. Department of Tourism Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
2. Department of Leisure and Recreation Management, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
3. College of Human Ecology, Shih Chien University, Taipei, Taiwan
4. Department of Hospitality Management, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
5. Department of Risk Management and Insurance, Ming Chuan University, Taipei, Taiwan
6. Department of Tourism Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology. Kaohsiung, Taiwan
7. Department of Management and Information, National Open University, Taipei, Taiwan