1. The expression ‘TCM’ is so widely known that we use it throughout the paper for the sake of convenience. Strictly speaking, however, it is not accurate. It was created in the 1950s to evoke a particular perception of Chinese medicine in western countries, it distorts the history of Chinese medicine by suggesting that it is unchanging and also, conversely, it distinguishes too sharply between Chinese medicine before and after 1949. See VOLKER SCHEID, MEDICINE IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA: PLURALITY AND SYNTHESIS (2002) and VOLKER SCHEID, CURRENTS OF TRADITION IN CHINESE MEDICINE 1626–2006 (2007).
2. seeWorld Health Organization,WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region(2007), reviewed in Seung-Hoon Choi & IL-Moo Chang,A Milestone in Codifying the Wisdom of Traditional Oriental Medicine: TCM, KAMPO, TKM, TVM – WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in The Western Pacific Region, in7, 3, EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE: ECAM, 303–05 (2010)available athttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2887335/ (last visited November 13, 2013).
3. Total exports of TCM in 2010 were valued at US$1.46 billion, according to Wang Guoqiang, Director of the Chinese State Administration of TCM in Xinhua,Exports of TCM Reach $1.46B: Official, CHINA DAILY, Aug. 9, 2010, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/culturalherigate/2010–08/09/content_11169760.htm.
4. China's TCM exports to the EU market in 2010 were reportedly worth US$250 million, accounting for 13 per cent of the nation's total TCM exports:seeJia Hepeng,Traditional Chinese medicines hampered by EU regulations, http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2011/June/10061102.asp (last visited Nov. 14, 2013).