1. William Harvey Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
3. Department of Emergency Medicine, Salford Healthcare Directorate, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
4. Department of Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
5. School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
6. Trauma Audit and Research Network, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK