1. Institute of Social Science Survey, Institute of Digital Finance, Peking University, Beijing, China
2. National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
3. National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications, Peking University, Beijing, China
4. Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, Beijing, China
5. Center for Enterprise Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
6. Ant Group Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
7. IFPRI, USA