1. School of Economics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
2. Center for China Public Sector Economy Research, Jilin University, Changchun, China
3. Institute of East Asian Studies (IN-EAST), and Mercator School of Management, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
4. School of Economics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
5. The Chinese Institute of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Strategies (the CINGAI), Nankai University, Tianjin, China