1. For profitability measures for selected Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries during the mid-1990s, see Table 1
2. 2000. For a detailed analysis of efficiency in the banking sector in the pre-crisis period, see Muhammet Mercan and Reha Yolalan, “The Effects of Financial Liberalization and New Bank Entry on Market Structure and Competition in Turkey,” unpublished manuscript
3. NIM = net interest income/total assets
4. Connected lending corresponds to lending done to group companies, i.e., to companies that belong to the group that is also the main shareholder of the bank