1. Department of Tourism, Recreation and Leisure Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien City, Taiwan
2. Agricultural Extension Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Tourism, Recreation and Leisure Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien City, Taiwan
3. Tourism, Hospitality and Event Management, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA