1. Escobar , A . 1995.Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third WorM, 224Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Critics often provide a relatively fixed conception of the type of development model being promoted by both the World Bank and the 'West' more generally. For example, see
2. Post-Cold War capitalism: Modernization and modes of resistance after the fall
3. Wallerstein , I . 1980.The Capitalist World Economy, 121149London: Cambridge University Press. Central to the shifting liberal narrative of international progress are assumptions about the sanctity of private property, the superiority of gradual or evolutionary political, economic and social change, the equation of democracy with elections and parliamentary government, and the assumption that free trade (laissez faire) is a superior mode of economic activity and organisation. Of course, the relative emphasis which has been placed on free trade, and the actual implementation of laissez faire policies have fluctuated dramatically over time. As Immanuel Wallerstein has noted 'not only is the capitalist system not properly described as a system of free enterprise today, but there never was a moment in history when this was a reasonably descriptive label. The capitalist system is and always has been one of state interference with the "freedom" of the market in the interests of some and against those of others.' 'Capitalists seek to maximize profit on the world markets, utilizing whenever it is profitable, and whenever they are able to create them, legal monopolies and/or other forms of constraints of trade.'
4. Handlin , O . 1979.Truth in History, 181189–192. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
5. The Political Economy of International Relations