1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
3. Department of Preschool Education, Nagasaki Women's Junior College, Yayoi-cho, Nagasaki 850-8512, Japan
4. Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
5. Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
6. Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan