1. 2) The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, ed.: JSME Mechanical Engineers' Handbook α4 Fluid Mechanics (Maruzen, Tokyo, 2006).
2. 3) E. H. Kennard: Kinetic Theory of Gases (McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1938).
3. 4) R. G. Livesey: in Fundations of Vacuum Science and Technology, ed. J. M. Lafferty (John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York, 1998), Ch. 2.4.
4. 5) M. Knudsen: Ann. Physik, 28 (1909) 75.
5. 6) G. Horikoshi: Shinkugijyutsu (Fundamentals of Vacuum Thechnology) (University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 1994) 3rd ed. Chap. 2, p. 44 [in Japanese].