Natural regeneration of jack pine on clay soils following harvesting and site preparation: Seventh-year results

Abstract

This study examines the operational feasibility of six treatments to regenerate jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) naturally without fire following harvesting on clay soils in the southeastern boreal forest of Quebec. The experiment is a randomized complete block design. Techniques used were a final cutting in 1993 with manual on-site delimbing or roadside delimbing combined with three methods of soil scarification (WadellTM, La TaupeTM and a control) performed in the Spring of 1994 compared to an adjacent jack pine plantation established in 1994 after Wadell scarification. Seven growing seasons later, the present article compares stand composition, competing vegetation, regeneration and growth of jack pine between the different treatments as well as an adjacent plantation. Natural regeneration produced mixed stands with an adequate 52% average jack pine stocking. Roadside and on-site delimbing produced similar jack pine stocking on average. However, the plantation showed 83% stocking and better performance than natural regeneration in terms of height (2.48 m vs. 1.7 m for natural regeneration), diameter (41 mm vs. 22 mm for natural regeneration) and jack pine dominance. Therefore, if natural regeneration is desired, roadside delimbing is to be recommended since it provides sufficient seed and does avoid early jack pine growth reductions caused by slash. On clay soils, scarification seems to have been optional. Nevertheless, it slightly increased seedling growth and in this way, the treatment combining road-side delimbing and an extensive scarification can be an effective jack pine natural regeneration treatment.Key words: Pinus banksiana Lamb., natural regeneration, stocking coefficient, delimbing, scarification, boreal mixed wood, seedlings