Preparation of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for elective percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract

Aim. To assess the quality of preparation of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for elective percutaneous coronary intervention, which is aimed to achieving the target values of the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.Materials and Methods. We retrospectively analysed 100 electronic medical records of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were admitted for elective percutaneous coronary intervention at Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases from 2021 to 2022. We analysed clinicopathological data, the data from clinical laboratory tests, and pharmacological anamnesis.Results. The average age was 65.19 ± 8.69 years, and the proportion of women was 59%. Smoking history and obesity were reported in 22% and 55% of patients, respectively, with average body mass index of 30.38 [27.66; 34.87] kg/m2. All patients suffered from arterial hypertension, 55% had past medical history of myocardial infarction, and 15% had atrial fibrillation. The duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 10 [3; 12] years. Target blood pressure at the admission was achieved in 40% patients. Average total cholesterol and blood glucose were 4.15 [3.50; 5.10] mmol/L and 7.85 [6.15; 11.00] mmol/L, respectively. Beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers, and statics were received by 90%, 89%, and 97% of patients. Maximum statin dose was registered in 27% patients, combined therapy (statin + ezetimibe) was documented in 4% patients. 14% of patients did not take hypoglycemic drugs. Oral hypoglycemic agents were received in 65% (in most cases biguanides and sulphonylureas, in 7% patients they were combined with insulin). Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitors have been taken by 19% of patients.Conclusion. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus recommended for elective percutaneous coronary intervention typically suffer from arterial hypertension and frequently had increased body mass index, total cholesterol, and blood glucose. The prevalence of using antihypertensive drugs, oral hypoglycemic agents, and lipid-lowering drugs should be increased.