COVID-19 in patients with tuberculosis: epidemiological and clinical features

Abstract

Aim. To study the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 among patients with tuberculosis.Materials and Methods. We studied the incidence of COVID-19 in various population groups in Kemerovo Region in 2020 (from March, 13 to December, 31). The study cohort consisted of 3929 tuberculosis patients, including 113 with a verified COVID-19 diagnosis. The control cohort included tuberculosis-free subjects with COVID-19 (25,774 individuals). Out of these subjects, we enrolled 71 patients with tuberculosis and 71 age- and gender-matched controls. All patients underwent complete blood count, urinalysis, biochemical analysis, and coagulation testing.Results. The incidence of COVID-19 in patients with tuberculosis was 2.96-fold higher than in the tuberculosis-free population (2876.05 and 971.17 per 100,000 population, respectively). In patients with tuberculosis, the highest incidence of COVID-19 was recorded in two age categories: from 18 to 29 years and ≥ 65 years of age. In tuberculosis patients, COVID-19 was mostly mild, was characterised by a 9.2-fold lower frequency of pneumonia, 11.8-fold less use of antibiotics, and oxygen therapy was required only in 1.41% of cases in comparison with 16.9% in the tuberculosis-free subjects. In addition, patients with tuberculosis less often suffered from hyperthermia, cough and weakness. Regarding the comorbid conditions, patients with tuberculosis showed lower prevalence of arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and obesity. Further, patients with tuberculosis generally had higher glomerular filtration rate and rarely had neutrophilia or lymphopenia when compared with the control individuals with COVID-19, although having higher fibrinogen and aspartate aminotransferase serum levels.Conclusion. Tuberculosis is a risk factor of COVID-19 but not a predictor of morbidity and mortality from this disease.