1. Figure 1 was compiled from information available on the Internet, mainly in Wikipedia: The thick dot-dashed line connecting Walther Nernst and G. N. Lewis indicates their scientific interactions, which began when Lewis was a postdoc in Nernst’s Göttingen laboratory. Lewis later did research on Nernst’s Third Law of Thermodynamics, for which Nernst received the 1920 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Lewis never received the Prize, although there is ample evidence that he deserved to, and Nernst may have had a hand in preventing him from winning it. See the article by William B. Jensen, online at https://chemistry.as.miami.edu/_assets/pdf/murthy-group/gnl_jensen-2.pdf. Portraits of Hermann von Helmholtz reused from Ref. 2; August Wilhelm von Hoffmann reused from Ref. 3; Otto Lummer reused with permission from University Library of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Portrait Collection: Otto Richard Lummer; Richard Abegg reused from Ref. 4; Walther Nernst reused from Ref. 5; George E. Gibson courtesy of The College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley; Gilbert Newton Lewis courtesy of The College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley; William Francis Giauque courtesy of The College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley; David A. Shirley © The Regents of the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
2. See https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hermann_von_Helmholtz.jpg for the source photo of Hermann von Helmholtz.
3. See https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/August_Wilhelm_von_Hofmann#/media/File:August_Wilhelm_von_Hofmann,_by_Moritz_Klinkicht.jpg for the source photo of August Wilhelm von Hoffmann.
4. See https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Richard_Abegg_(cropped).jpg for the source photo of Richard Abegg.
5. See https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Walther_Nernst.jpg for the source photo of Walther Nernst.