Nematode m7GpppG and m32,2,7GpppG decapping: Activities in Ascaris embryos and characterization of C. elegans scavenger DcpS

Abstract

A spliced leader contributes the mature 5′ends of many mRNAs in trans-splicing organisms. Trans-spliced metazoan mRNAs acquire an m32,2,7GpppN cap from the added spliced leader exon. The presence of these caps, along with the typical m7GpppN cap on non-trans-spliced mRNAs, requires that cellular mRNA cap-binding proteins and mRNA metabolism deal with different cap structures. We have developed and used an in vitro system to examine mRNA degradation and decapping activities in nematode embryo extracts. The predominant pathway of mRNA decay is a 3′ to 5′ pathway with exoribonuclease degradation of the RNA followed by hydrolysis of resulting mRNA cap by a scavenger (DcpS-like) decapping activity. Direct decapping of mRNA by a Dcp1/Dcp2-like activity does occur, but is ~15-fold less active than the 3′ to 5′ pathway. The DcpS-like activity in nematode embryo extracts hydrolyzes both m7GpppG and m32,2,7GpppG dinucleoside triphosphates. The Dcp1/Dcp2-like activity in extracts also hydrolyzes these two cap structures at the 5′ ends of RNAs. Interestingly, recombinant nematode DcpS differs from its human ortholog in its substrate length requirement and in its capacity to hydrolyze m32,2,7GpppG.