Kedudukan Janda dalam Hukum Taurat dan Hukum Timur Dekat Kuno

Author:

Kayaman Margareta Florida

Abstract

Abstract. In Jewish society, a widow may experience a negative social stigma that puts her in a disadvantaged position. This negative stigma certainly confirms that a widow needs protection. The purpose of this paper was to outline the position of widows in the eyes of both Torah and Ancient Near Eastern law. To that purpose, the author conducted a literature review, which includes Old Testament texts as well as extra-biblical texts related to the position of widows. This study showed that widows, in both the Torah and the laws of the Ancient Near East, are entitled to protection. The difference between the two laws is that in the Torah the protection of widows is theologically reflected as initiated and guaranteed by God.Abstrak. Dalam masyarakat Yahudi, seorang janda dapat mengalami stigma sosial negatif yang memojokkan posisinya. Stigma negatif tersebut tentunya menegaskan bahwa seorang janda membutuhkan perlindungan. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk menguraikan kedudukan janda di mata hukum Taurat maupun hukum di Timur Dekat Kuno. Untuk itu, penulis akan melakukan kajian literatur, yang meliputi teks-teks Perjanjian Lama maupun teks-teks ekstra biblika terkait kedudukan janda. Hasil dari kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa janda, baik dalam hukum Taurat maupun hukum-hukum di Timur Dekat Kuno, wajib mendapatkan perlindungan. Yang membedakan di antara kedua hukum tersebut adalah bahwa dalam hukum Taurat perlindungan terhadap janda direfleksikan secara teologis sebagai diinisiasi dan dijamin oleh Tuhan.

Publisher

Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Intheos Surakarta

Subject

Pharmacology (medical)

Reference19 articles.

1. Batten, Alicia. "Brokerage, Jesus as Social Entrepreneur." In Understanding the Social World of the New Testament, edited by Dietmar Neufeld and Richard E. DeMaris. London-New York: Routledge, 2010.

2. Fensham, F. Charles. "Widow, Orphan, and the Poor in Ancient near Eastern Legal and Wisdom Literature." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 21, no. 2 (April 1962): 129-39. https://doi.org/10.1086/371679.

3. Galpaz-Feller, Pnina. "The Widow in the Bible and in Ancient Egypt." Zeitschrift Fur Die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 120, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 231-53. https://doi.org/10.1515/ZAW.2008.014/MACHINEREADABLECITATION/RIS.

4. Gutbrod, W. "Nomos." In Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, edited by Gerhard Kittel. Michigan, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1985.

5. Hoffner, H. A. "Almanah, Widow." In Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, edited by G. Johhanes Botterweck and Helmer Ringgren. Grand Rapids Michigan: Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1974.

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