Physioanatomical relationship of the external anal sphincter to the bulbocavernosus muscle in the female

Author:

Shafik Ahmed,Shafik Ismail A.,Sibai Olfat El,Shafik Ali A.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Urology,Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Reference18 articles.

1. Skandalakis JE (2004) Perineum. In: Skandalakis JE (ed) Skandalakis surgical anatomy. The embryologic and anatomic basis of modern surgery, 1st edn. Paschalidis Medical Publications, Greece, pp1618–1640

2. Warwick R, Williams PL (1975) Anal musculature. In: Warwick R, Williams PL (eds) Splanchnology, 35th edn. Longman Group, Edinburgh, pp1293–1295

3. Shafik A (1975) A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. I. The external anal sphincter: a triple loop system. Invest Urol 12:412–419

4. Shafik A (1980) A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. IX. Single loop continence: a new theory of the mechanism of anal continence. Dis Colon Rectum 23:37–43

5. Shafik A, el-Sibai O (2001) Rectal inhibition by inferior rectal nerve stimulation in dogs: recognition of a new reflex—the ‘voluntary anorectal inhibition reflex’. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 13:413–418

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