1. L.B. Meyer, in Emotion and Meaning in Music (University of Chicago Press, 1956)
2. B. Leonard, Meyer, meaning in music and information theory. J. Aesthetic Art Criticism 15(4), 412–424 (1957)
3. E. Narmour, in The Analysis and Cognition of Basic Melodic Structures: The Implication-Realization Model (The University of Chicago Press, 1990)
4. T. Murao, Cognition in musical analysis, in Music and Cognition. ed. by G. Hatano (The University of Tokyo Press, 1987), pp.1–40. (In Japanese)
5. E. Narmour, in The Analysis and Cognition of Melodic Complexity: The Implication-Realization Model (The University of Chicago Press, 1992)