1. Adachi, R., Cramer, E. M., & Song, H. (2020). Using virtual reality for tourism marketing: A mediating role of self-presence. The Social Science Journal, 58(1), 1–14.
2. Alam, S., & Uddin, I. (2020). Singapore’s Muslims to skip Hajj pilgrimage this year. Retrieved from: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/singapores-muslims-to-skip-hajj-pilgrimage-this-year/1841944. Accessed 5 June 2021.
3. Aljazeera. (2021). Indonesia cancels Hajj again amid concerns over COVID. Retrieved from: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/3/indonesia-cancels-hajj-again-amid-concerns-over-covid. Accessed 5 June 2021.
4. Almuhrzi, H. M., & Alsawafi, A. M. (2017). Muslim perspectives on spiritual and religious travel beyond Hajj: Toward understanding motivations for Umrah travel in Oman. Tourism Management Perspectives, 24, 235–242.
5. Amanullah, S. (2009). Hajj 2.0-Technology’s impact on the Muslim Pilgrimage. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 10(2), 75–82.