1. Allgood, Major General G. (1901). China War, 1860, Letters and Journals. New York and Bombay: Longmans, Green.
2. Bao, C. (1990). Yixin cixi zhengzheng ji [The power struggle between prince Gong and the empress dowager Cixi]. 1980. Reprint, Changchun: Jilin wenshi chubanshe.
3. Boulger, D. C. (1896). Life of Gordon, (2 Vols.) London: Fisher Unwin.
4. Beurdeley, C. M. (1971). Giuseppi Castiglione: A Jesuit Painter at the Court of the Chinese Emperors. Transl. Michael Bullock. Rutland, Vt., and Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co.
5. Cai, S. (n.d.). Yuanming yuan zhi huiyi [The reminiscence of the Yuanming Yuan] (pp. 111–169). In Yingfa lianjun shiliao.