1. Abraham, C. E. R. (1970). The political economy of race relations in Malaya: A historical perspective. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin.
2. Alatas, S. H. (1977). The myth of the lazy native: A study of the image of the Malays, Filipinos and Javanese from the 16th to the 20th century and its function in the ideology of colonial capitalism. London: Frank Cass.
3. Alavi, H. (1975). India and colonial mode of production. Economic & Political Weekly, 11(33), 1235–1262.
4. Arasaratnam, S. (1970). Indians in Malaysia and Singapore. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
5. Ariffin, O. (1993). Bangsa Melayu: Malay concepts of democracy and community, 1945–1950. Singapore: Oxford University Press.