1. Yeh JM, Hook EW III, Goldie SJ: A refined estimate of the average lifetime cost of pelvic inflammatory disease. Sex Transm Dis 2003, 30:369–378.
2. Fleming DT, Wasserheit JN: From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection. Sex Transm Infect 1999, 75:3–17. This is an extensive review of the literature regarding the potential effects of other STDs on HIV transmission.
3. Mcclelland RS, Wang CC, Mandaliya K, et al.: Treatment of cervicitis is associated with decreased cervical shedding of HIV-1. AIDS 2001, 15:105–110.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Sexually transmitted disease surveillance, 2002 [report]. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2003 These are the most recent data regarding US surveillance of STDs. The report includes national profiles for chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and other STDs. Special focus profiles are included for women and children, adolescents and young adults, racial and ethnic minorities, men who have sex with men, and persons entering corrections facilities. Links to the complete report, color slides of trends, and a link to the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project report are available at http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/.
5. St Lawrence JS, Montano DE, Kasprzyk D, et al.: STD screening, testing, case reporting, and clinical and partner notification practices: a national survey of US physicians. Am J Public Health 2002, 92:1784–1788. This is a survey-based study indicating very low reporting rates.